高等师范本科英语专业教材系列 英语语言学导论 第3版【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

高等师范本科英语专业教材系列 英语语言学导论 第3版PDF格式电子书版下载

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Chapter 1 Language and Linguistics1

1.1 The multifaceted nature of language1

1.2 Features of language2

1.3 Functions of language5

1.4 Types of language6

1.4.1 Natural languages and artificial languages6

1.4.2 Genetic classification of natural languages7

1.4.3 Typological classification of natural languages7

1.5 The evolution of language8

1.6 Linguistics：the scientific study of language9

1.6.1 Linguistics as a science9

1.6.2 Branches of linguistics10

1.6.3 Schools of linguistics12

1.6.4 Features of modern linguistics12

Chapter 2 Phonetics：The Study of Speech Sounds15

2.1 The study of speech sounds15

2.2 The sound-producing mechanism15

2.3 Phonetic transcription of speech sounds17

2.3.1 Unit of representation17

2.3.2 Phonetic symbols17

2.4 Description of English consonants17

2.5 Description of English vowels20

2.6 Phonetic features and natural classes21

Chapter 3 Phonology：The Study of Sound Systems and Patterns27

3.1 The study of sound systems and patterns27

3.2 Phonemes and allophones27

3.3 Discovering phonemes28

3.3.1 Contrastive distribution28

3.3.2 Complimentary distribution28

3.3.3 Free variation29

3.3.4 The discovery procedure29

3.4 Distinctive features and non-distinctive features30

3.5 Phonological rules30

3.6 Syllable structure32

3.7 Sequence of phonemes32

3.8 Suprasegmental features33

3.8.1 Stress33

3.8.2 Intonation34

3.8.3 Tone34

3.8.4 The functioning of stress and intonation in English34

Chapter 4 Morphology：The Study of Word Structure39

4.1 Word,lexeme and morphology39

4.2 Morpheme：the minimal meaningful unit of language39

4.3 Rootbase and stem41

4.4 Classification of morphemes42

4.4.1 Free and bound morphemes42

4.4.2 Inflectional and derivational morphemes42

4.5 Formation of English words44

4.5.1 Derivation44

4.5.2 Compounding46

4.5.3 Other types of English word formation47

Chapter 5 Syntax：The Analysis of Sentence Structure53

5.1 Grammaticality53

5.2 Knowledge of sentence structure54

5.3 Different approaches to syntax55

5.4 Transformational-generative grammar56

5.4.1 The goal of a TG grammar56

5.4.2 Syntactic categories57

5.4.3 Phrase structure rules58

5.4.4 Tree diagrams59

5.4.5 Recursion and the infinitude of language61

5.4.6 Subcategorization of the lexicon63

5.4.7 Transformational rules63

5.5 Systemic-functional grammar67

5.5.1 Two perspectives of syntactic analysis：chain and choice67

5.5.2 The three metafunctions67

5.5.3 Transitivity：syntactic structure as representation of experience68

5.5.4 Mood and modality：syntactic structure as representation of interaction71

5.5.5 Theme and rheme：syntactic structure as organization of message73

Chapter 6 Semantics：The Analysis of Meaning81

6.1 The study of meaning81

6.2 Reference and sense82

6.2.1 Reference82

6.2.2 Sense82

6.3 Classification of lexical meanings83

6.3.1 Referential meaning and associative meaning83

6.3.2 Types of associative meaning83

6.4 Lexical sense relations84

6.4.1 Synonymy85

6.4.2 Antonymy86

6.4.3 Homonymy86

6.4.4 Polysemy87

6.4.5 Hyponymy88

6.4.6 Meronymy88

6.5 Describing lexical meaning：componential analysis89

6.6 Words and concepts90

6.6.1 Categorization91

6.6.2 Prototypes91

6.6.3 Hierarchies92

6.7 Semantic relations of sentences93

6.8 Metaphors94

6.8.1 From rhetorical device to cognitive device94

6.8.2 The components of metaphors95

6.8.3 Features of metaphors96

6.9 Metonymy99

6.9.1 Conceptual metonymy99

6.9.2 Types of metonymy99

6.9.3 Relation between metaphor and metonymy100

Chapter 7 Pragmatics：The Analysis of Meaning in Context107

7.1 Pragmatics：an overview107

7.2 Deixis and reference108

7.2.1 Person deixis108

7.2.2 Place deixis109

7.2.3 Time deixis109

7.2.4 Discourse deixis109

7.2.5 Social deixis110

7.2.6 Deictic center111

7.3 Speech acts112

7.3.1 The constative-performative dichotomy112

7.3.2 The trichotomy of speech acts113

7.3.3 Taxonomy of speech acts113

7.3.4 Indirect speech acts114

7.4 Pragmatic presupposition115

7.5 Cooperation and implicature116

7.5.1 Grice's cooperative principle and the four maxims116

7.5.2 Conversational implicature117

7.5.3 Conversational implicature and inference117

7.6 Politeness and the politeness principle118

7.6.1 Politeness as a universal phenomenon118

7.6.2 The politeness principle119

7.6.3 Scales of politeness120

7.6.4 Social variables in politeness120

7.6.5 Cultural difierences in politeness121

7.7 Hedges122

7.7.1 Classification of hedges122

7.7.2 Pragmatic functions of hedges123

7.8 The principle of relevance124

7.9 Conversational structure125

Chapter 8 Text Analysis：Exploring Principles of Text Construction133

8.1 Discourse and text133

8.2 Cohesion and coherence134

8.2.1 Grammatical cohesion136

8.2.2 Lexical cohesion137

8.2.3 Conjunction138

8.3 Cohesive chains139

8.4 Discourse markers140

8.5 Clause relations140

8.6 Basic textual patterns141

8.7 Genre and text structure143

Chapter 9 Language and Society147

9.1 Sociolinguistic study of language147

9.2 Varieties of a language147

9.3 Grades of formality150

9.4 Languages in contact151

9.5 Taboos and euphemisms151

9.6 Communicative competence152

Chapter 10 Language and Culture157

10.1 What is culture?157

10.2 Characteristics of culture158

10.3 How is language related to culture?161

10.4 Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis162

10.5 Are linguistic meanings universal?163

10.6 The ethnography of communication166

10.7 Cultural aspect of language teaching and learning167

Chapter 11 Second Language Acquisition173

11.1 What is second language acquisition?173

11.2 Factors affecting SLA174

11.2.1 Social factors174

11.2.2 Learner factors175

11.3 Analyzing learners'language176

11.3.1 Contrastive analysis177

11.3.2 Error analysis177

11.3.3 The study of interlanguage179

11.4 Explaining second language acquisition180

11.4.1 Mentalist explanation of SLA180

11.4.2 Functionalist explanation of SLA181

11.5 The role of output in SLA182

Chapter 12 Linguistics and Foreign Language Teaching187

12.1 Foreign language teaching as a system187

12.2 Contribution of linguistics：applications and implications188

12.3 Linguistic underpinning of syllabus design189

12.4 Method as integration of theory and practice191

12.5 Linguistics and language testing193

12.6 Linguistics in the professional development of language teachers194

References199

Key to Exercises205

An English-Chinese Glossary215

Appendix Ⅰ The Indo-European Language Family225

Appendix Ⅱ Families/Groups of Languages227

Appendix Ⅲ 语言学学习方法举要229