流体力学 影印本【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

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PART 1 Fundamentals of Fluid Mechanics and Transport1

Chapter 1 Fluid Properties2

1.1 Continuum3

1.2 Definition of a Fluid3

1.3 Dimensions and Units5

1.4 Viscosity8

1.5 Mass,Weight,and Concentration Variables11

1.6 Temperature and Thermodynamic Variables14

1.7 Pressure and a Perfect Gas15

1.8 Bulk Modulus of Elasticity18

1.9 Vapor Pressure19

1.10 Surface Tension20

Chapter 2 Fluid Statics30

2.1 Force,Stress,and Pressure at a Point31

2.2 Basic Equation of Fluid Statics35

2.3 Units and Scales of Pressure Measurement40

2.4 Manometers44

2.5 Forces on Plane Areas49

2.6 Force Components on Curved Surfaces58

2.7 Buoyant Force65

2.8 Stability of Floating and Submerged Bodies68

2.9 Relative Equilibrium71

Chapter 3 Fluid Flow Concepts and Basic Control Volume Equations102

3.1 Flow Concepts and Kinematics103

3.2 The General Control Volume Conservation Equation113

3.3 The Conservation of Mass115

3.4 The Energy Equation118

3.5 Application of the Energy Equation to Steady Fluid-Flow Situations124

3.6 The Control Volume Linear-Momentum Equation133

3.7 Applications of the Linear Momentum Equation136

3.8 The Moment-of-Momentum Equation155

3.9 Heat and Mass Transfer158

Chapter 4 Basic Governing Differential Equations185

4.1 Kinematics,Motion,and Deformation186

4.2 The General Reynolds Transport Equation195

4.3 The Continuity Equation196

4.4 The Momentum Equation198

4.5 The Conservation of Mechanical Energy and the Bernoulli Equation202

4.6 The Energy Equation208

4.7 The Differential Heat Equation211

4.8 Differential Mass Balance for a Species212

Chapter 5 Dimensional Analysis and Dynamic Similitude224

5.1 Dimensional Homogeneity and Dimensionless Ratios225

5.2 Dimensions and Units227

5.3 The П Theorem:Momentum and Energy228

5.4 The П Theorem:Heat and Mass Transport240

5.5 Nondimensional Analysis of Governing Equations243

5.6 Model Studies and Similitude247

Chapter 6 Viscous Flow:Pipes and Channels259

6.1 Laminar and Turbulent Flows:Internal and External Flows260

6.2 Laminar,Incompressible,Steady Flow Between Parallel Plates263

6.3 Laminar Flow Through Circular Tubes and Circular Annuli268

6.4 Turbulent Flow Relations273

6.5 Turbulent Flow Losses in Open and Closed Conduits283

6.6 Steady Uniform Flow in Open Channels285

6.7 Steady Incompressible Flow Through Simple Pipes288

6.8 Minor Losses298

Chapter 7 External Flows315

7.1 Shear and Pressure Forces316

7.2 Boundary Layer Concepts:Flat Plates318

7.3 Flow and Drag:Spheres325

7.4 The Effect of Pressure Gradients:Separation and Wakes328

7.5 Drag on Immersed Bodies332

7.6 Lift337

7.7 Acceleration and Inertial Forces340

Chapter 8 Ideal-Fluid Flow346

8.1 Requirements for Ideal-Fluid Flow347

8.2 Euler s Equation of Motion347

8.3 Irrotational Flow:Velocity Potential350

8.4 Integration of Euler s Equation:Bernoulli s Equation352

8.5 Stream Functions and Boundary Conditions354

8.6 Two-Dimensional Flows359

8.7 Water Waves:A Moving Boundary Problem370

Chapter 9 Transport by Advection and Diffusion378

9.1 Steady Molecular Diffusion and Conduction379

9.2 Advection and Convection:Bulk Approaches389

9.3 Laminar Boundary Layer Transport398

9.4 Turbulent Transport Relations402

9.5 Turbulent Diffusion405

9.6 Channel Diffusion and Dispersion416

9.7 Applications of Diffusion and Dispersion Techniques424

PART 2 Applications of Fluid Mechanics and Transport443

Chapter 10 Measurements444

10.1 System Attributes and Functions445

10.2 Pressure Measurement451

10.3 Elevation Measurement453

10.4 Temperature Measurement456

10.5 Velocity Measurement456

10.6 Rate Devices:Orifices466

10.7 Venturi Meter,Nozzle,and Other Conduit Rate Measuring Devices474

10.8 Open-Channel Rate Devices479

10.9 Particle Concentration Measurements487

10.10 Measurement of Viscosity493

Chapter 11 Turbomachinery505

11.1 Homologous Units:Specific Speed506

11.2 Elementary Cascade Theory512

11.3 Theory of Turbomachines514

11.4 Reaction Turbines518

11.5 Pumps and Blowers522

11.6 Impulse Turbines529

11.7 Cavitation534

Chapter 12 Closed-Conduit FloW541

12.1 Steady Flow:Exponential Pipe-Friction Formulas542

12.2 Steady Flow:Hydraulic and Energy Grade Lines543

12.3 Steady Flow:Pipeline Systems550

12.4 Steady Flow:Networks of Pipes559

12.5 Steady Flow:Methodologies for Complex Hydraulic Networks561

12.6 Steady Flow:Noncircular Conduits,Aging of Pipes,and Additives566

12.7 Unsteady Flow:Oscillation of Liquid in a U Tube568

12.8 Unsteady Flow:Establishment of Flow576

12.9 Unsteady Flow:Description of the Waterhammer Phenomenon578

12.10 Unsteady Flow:Differential Equations for Calculation of Waterhammer580

12.11 Unsteady Flow:The Method of Characteristics Solution583

Chapter 13 Flow in Open Channels605

13.1 Classification of Flow606

13.2 Best Hydraulic Channel Cross Sections607

13.3 Steady Uniform Flow in a Floodway609

13.4 Hydraulic Jump and Stilling Basins610

13.5 Specific Energy and Critical Depth614

13.6 Transitions617

13.7 Gradually Varied Flow620

13.8 Classification of Surface Profiles626

13.9 Control Sections628

13.10 Computer Calculation of Gradually Varied Flow629

13.11 Frictionless Positive Surge Wave in a Rectangular Channel631

13.12 Frictionless Negative Surge Wave in a Rectangular Channel633

Chapter 14 Applications of Transport Phenomena643

14.1 Engineered versus Geoenvironmental Transport643

14.2 Multiphase Flows:Particle Transport646

14.3 Coupled Flow and Transport:Stratified Boundary Layer660

14.4 Interfacial Transfer:Evaporation671

14.5 Process Reactors and Tanks685

14.6 Mechanical Mixing and Agitation695

Appendices707

Appendix A Force Systems,Moments,and Centroids707

A.1 Simple Force Systems707

A.2 First and Second Moments:Centroids707

Appendix B Computer Programming Aids711

Appendix C Physical Properties of Fluids712

Appendix D Variable Notation717

Appendix E Vector Operations and Notation722

E.1 Notation and Definitions722

E.2 Vector Algebra723

E.3 Vector Operations724

E.4 Unit Normals and Planes725

E.5 Differential Operations726

Appendix F Answers to Even-Numbered Problems728