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CHAPTER Ⅰ POWER SERIES1

INTRODUCTION1

1．POWER SERIES2

2．SMALL QUANTITIES OF VARIOUS ORDERS3

3．TAYLOR＇S EXPANSION4

4．THE BINOMIAL THEOREM4

5．EXPANSION ABOUT AN ARBITRARY POINT4

6．EXFANSION ABOUT A POLE5

7．CONVERGENCE5

PROBLEMS8

CHAPTER Ⅱ POWER SERIES METHOD FOR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATICNS10

INTRODUCTION10

8．THE FALLING BODY11

9．FALLING BODY WITH VISCOSITY11

10．PARTICULAR AND GENERAL SOLUTIONS FOR FALLING BODY WITH VISCOSITY14

11．ELECTRIC CIRCUIT CONTAINING RESISTANCE AND INDUCTANCE16

PROBLEMS17

CHAPTER Ⅲ POWER SERIES AND EXPONENTIAL METHODS FOR SIMPLE HARMONIC VIBRATIONS19

INTRODUCTION19

12．PARTICLE WITH LINEAR RESTORING FORCE19

13．OSCILLATING ELECTRIC CIRCUIT20

14．THE EXPONENTIAL METHOD OF SOLUTION21

15．COMPLEX EXPONENTIALS22

16．COMPLEX NUMBERS23

17．APPLICATION OF COMPLEX NUMBERS TO VIBRATION PROBLEMS25

PROBLEMS26

CHAPTER Ⅳ DAMPED VIBRATIONS,FORCED VIBRATIONS,AND RESONANCE27

INTRODUCTION27

18．DAMPED VIBRATIONAL MOTION27

19．DAMPED ELECTRICAL OSCILLATIONS28

20．INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR TRANSIENTS29

21．FORCED VIBRATIONS AND RESONANCE29

22．MECHANICAL RESONANCE30

23．ELECTRICAL RESONANCE31

24．SUPERPOSITION OF TRANSIENT AND FORCED MOTION33

25．MOTION UNDER GENERAL EXTERNAL FORCES35

26．GENERALIZATIONS REGARDING LINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS36

PROBLEMS37

CHAPTER Ⅴ ENERGY39

INTRODUCTION39

27．MECHANICAL ENERGY40

28．USE OF THE POTENTIAL FOR DISCUSSING THE MOTION OF A SYSTEM42

29．THE ROLLING-BALL ANALOGY45

30．MOTION IN SEVERAL DIMENSIONS46

PROBLEMS46

CHAPTER Ⅵ VECTOR FORCES AND POTENTIALS48

INTRODUCTION48

31．VECTORS AND THEIR COMPONENTS48

32．SCALAR PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS49

33．VECTOR PRODUCT OF TWO VECTORS50

34．VECTOR FIELDS51

35．THE ENERGY THEOREM IN THREE DIMENSIONS52

36．LINE INTEGRALS AND POTENTIAL ENERGY52

37．FORCE AS GRADIENT OF POTENTIAL53

38．EQUIPOTENTIAL SURFACES54

39．THE CURL AND THE CONDITION FOR A CONSERVATIVE SYSTEM55

40．THE SYMBOLIC VECTOR ▽55

PROBLEMS56

CHapter Ⅶ LAGRANGE＇S EQUATIONS AND PLANETARY MOTION58

INTRODUCTION58

41．LAGRANGE＇S EQUATIONS58

42．PLANETARY MOTION60

43．ENERGY METHOD FOR RADIAL MOTION IN CENTRAL FIELD61

44．ORBITS IN CENTRAL MOTION62

45．JUSTIFICATION OF LAGRANGE＇S METHOD64

PROBLEMS67

CHAPTER Ⅷ GENERALIZED MOMENTA AND HAMILTON＇S EQUATIONS69

INTRODUCTION69

46．GENERALIZED FORCES69

47．GENERALIZED MOMENTA70

48．HAMILTON＇S EQUATIONS OF MOTION71

49．GENERAL PROOF OF HAMILTON＇S EQUATIONS72

50．EXAMPLE OF HAMILTON＇S EQUATIONS74

51．APPLICATIONS OF LAGRANGE＇S AND HAMILTON＇S EQUATIONS75

PROBLEMS76

CHAPTER Ⅸ PHASE SPACE AND THE GENERAL MOTION OF PARTICLES79

INTRODUCTION79

52．THE PHASE SPACE80

53．PHASE SPACE FOR THE LINEAR OSCILLATOR81

54．PHASE SPACE FOR CENTRAL MOTION82

55．NONCENTRAL TWO-DIMENSIONAL MOTION83

56．CONFIGURATION SPACE AND MOMENTUM SPACE83

57．THE TWO-DIMENSIONAL OSCILLATOR84

58．METHODS OF SOLUTION86

59．CONTACT TRANSFORMATIONS AND ANGLE VAROABLES87

60．METHODS OF SOLUTION FOR NONPERIODIC MOTIONS90

PROBLEMS90

CHAPTER Ⅹ THE MOTION OF RIGID BODIES92

INTRODUCTION92

61．ELEMENTARY THEORY OF PRECESSING TOP92

62．ANGULAR MOMENTUM,MOMENT OF INERTIA,AND KINETIC ENERGY94

63．THE ELLIPSOID OF INERTIA;PRINCIPAL AXES OF INERTIA95

64．THE EQUATIONS OF MOTION96

65．EULER＇S EQUATIONS98

66．TORQUE-FREE MOTION OF A SYMMETRIC RIGID BODY98

67．EULER＇S ANGLES100

68．GENERAL MOTION OF A SYMMETRICAL TOP UNDER GRAVITY102

69．PRECESSION AND NUTATION104

PROBLEMS105

CHAPTER Ⅺ COUPLED SYSTEMS AND NORMAL COORDINATES107

INTRODUCTION107

70．COUPLED OSCILLATORS107

71．NORMAL COORDINATES111

72．RELATION OF PROBLEM OF COUPLED SYSTEMS TO TWO-DIMEN-SIONAL OSCILLATOR114

73．THE GENERAL PROBLEM OF THE MOTION OF SEVERAL PARTICLES117

PROBLEMS118

CHAPTER Ⅻ THE VIBRATING STRING,AND FOURIER SERIES120

INTRODUCTION120

74．DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION OF THE VIBRATING STRING120

75．THE INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR THE STRING122

76．FOURIER SERIES123

77．COEFFICIENTS OF FOURIER SERIES124

78．CONVERGENCE OF FOURIER SERIES125

79．SINE AND COSINE SERIES,WITH APPLICATION TO THE STRING126

80．THE STRING AS A LIMITING PROBLEM OF VIBRATION OF PARTICLES128

81．LAGRANGE＇S EQUATIONS FOR THE WEIGHTED STRING131

82．CONTINUOUS STRING AS LIMITING CASE131

PROBLEMS132

CHAPTER ⅩⅢ NORMAL COORDINATES AND THE VIBRATING STRING134

INTRODUCTION134

83．NORMAL COORDINATES134

84．NORMAL COORDINAES AND FUNCTION SPACE137

85．FOURLER ANALYSIS IN FUNCTION SPACE139

86．EQUATIONS OF MOTION IN NORMAL COORDINATES140

87．THE VIBRATING STRING WITH FRICTION142

PROBLEMS144

CHAPTER ⅩⅣ THE STRING WITH VARIABLE TENSION AND DENSITY146

INTRODUCTION146

88．DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION FOR THE VARIABLE STRING146

89．APPROXIMATE SOLUTION FOR SLOWLY CHANGING DENSITY AND TENSION147

90．PROGRESSIVE WAVES AND STANDING WAVES149

91．ORTHOGONALITY OF NORMAL FUNCTIONS151

92．EXPANSION OF AN ARBITRARY FUNCTION USING NORMAL FUNC-TIONS152

93．PERTURBATION THEORY154

94．REFLECTION OF WAVES FROM A DISCONTINUITY156

PROBLEMS158

CHAPTER ⅩⅤ THE VIBRATING MEMBRANE160

INTRODUCTION160

95．BOUNDARY CONDITIONS ON THE RECTANGULAR MEMBRANE160

96．THE NODES IN A VIBRATING MEMBRANE162

97．INITIAL CONDITIONS162

98．THE METHOD OF SEPARATION OF VARIABLES163

99．THE CIRCULAR MEMBRANE164

100．THE LAPLACIAN IN POLAR COORDINATES164

101．SOLUTION OF THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION BY SEPARATION165

102．BOUNDARY CONDITIONS166

103．PHYSICAL NATURE OF THE SOLUTION167

104．INITIAL CONDITION AT t=O168

105．PROOF OF ORTHOGONALITY OF THE J＇S169

PROBLEMS170

CHAPTER ⅩⅥ STRESSES,STRAINS,AND VIBRATIONS OF AN ELASTIC SOLID172

INTRODUCTION172

106．STRESSES,BODY AND SURFACE FORCES172

107．EXAMPLES OF STRESSES174

108．THE EQUATION OF MOTION175

109．TRANSVERSE WAVES176

110．LONGITUDINAL WAVES178

111．GENERAL WAVE PROPAGATION179

112．STRAINS AND HOOKE＇S LAW180

113．YOUNG＇S MODULUS182

PROBLEMS183

CHAPTER ⅩⅦ FLOW OF FLUIDS185

INTRODUCTION185

114．VELOCITY,FLUX DENSITY,AND LINES OF FLOW185

115．THE EQUATION OF CONTINUITY186

116．GAUSS＇S THEOREM187

117．LINES OF FLOW TO MEASURE RATE OF FLOW188

118．IRROTATIONAL FLOW AND THE VELOCITY POTENTIAL188

119．EULER＇S EQUATIONS OF MOTION FOR IDEAL FLUIDS190

120．IRROTATIONAL FLOW AND BERNOULLI＇S EQUATION191

121．VISCOUS FLUIDS192

122．POISEUILLE＇S LAW194

PROBLEMS195

CHAPTER ⅩⅧ HEAT FLOW197

INTRODUCTION197

123．DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION OF HEAT FLOW197

124．THE STEADY FLOW OF HEAT198

125．FLOW VECTORS IN GENERALIZED COORDINATES199

126．GRADIENT IN GENERALIZED COORDINATES200

127．DIVERGENCE IN GENERALIZED COORDINATES200

128．LAPLACIAN201

129．STEADY FLOW OF HEAT IN A SPHERE201

130．SPHERICAL HARMONICS202

131．FOURIER＇S METHOD FOR THE TRANSIENT FLOW OF HEAT203

132．INTEGRAL METHOD FOR HEAT FLOW205

PROBLEMS209

CHAPTER ⅩⅨ ELECTROSTATICS,GREEN＇S THEOREM,AND POTENTIAL THEORY210

INTRODUCTION210

133．THE DIVERGENCE OF THE FIELD210

134．THE POTENTIAL211

135．ELECTROSTATIC PROBLEMS WITHOUT CONDUCTORS212

136．ELECTROSTATIC PROBLEMS WITH CONDUCTORS215

137．GREEN＇S THEOREM217

138．PROOF OF SOLUTION OF POISSON＇S EQUATION217

139．SOLUTION OF POISSON＇S EQUATION IN A FINITE REGION220

140．GREEN＇S DISTRIBUTION221

141．GREEN＇S METHOD OF SOLVING DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS222

PROBLEMS223

CHAPTER ⅩⅩ MAGNETIC FIELDS,STOKES＇S THEOREM,AND VECTOR POTENTIAL225

INTRODUCTION225

142．THE MAGNETIC FIELD OF CURRENTS226

143．FIELD OF A STRAIGHT WIRE228

144．STOKES＇S THEOREM229

145．THE CURL IN CURVILINEAR COORDINATES229

146．APPLICATIONS OF STOKES＇S THEOREM230

147．EXAMPLE:MAGNETIC FIELD IN A SOLENOID231

148．THE VECTOR POTENTIAL231

149．THE BIOT-SAVART LAW233

PROBLEMS234

CHAPTER ⅩⅪ ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION AND MAXWELL＇S EQUATIONS235

INTRODUCTION235

150．THE DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION FOR ELECTROMAGNETIC INDUCTION235

151．THE DISPLACEMENT CURRENT236

152．MAXWELL＇S EQUATIONS239

153．THE VECTOR AND SCALAR POTENTIALS241

PROBLEMS244

CHAPTER ⅩⅫ ENERGY IN THE ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELD246

INTRODUCTION246

154．ENERGY IN A CONDENSER246

155．ENERGY IN THE ELECTRIC FIELD247

156．ENERGY IN A SOLENOID248

157．ENERGY DENSITY AND ENERGY FLOW249

158．POYNTING＇S THEOREM250

159．THE NATURE OF AN E．M．F．250

160．EXAMPLES OF POYNTING＇S VECTOR251

161．ENERGY IN A PLANE WAVE253

162．PLANE WAVES IN METALS255

PROBLEMS256

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅢ REFLECTION AND REFRACTION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES258

INTRODUCTION258

163．BOUNDARY CONDITIONS AT A SURFCE OF DISCONTINUITY258

164．THE LAWS OF REFLECTION AND REFRACTION259

165．REFLECTION COEFFICIENT AT NORMAL INCIDENCE260

166．FRESNEL＇S EQUATIONS262

167．THE POLARIZING ANGLE264

168．TOTAL REFLECTION265

169．THE OPTICAL BEHAVIOR OF METALS267

PROBLEMS268

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅣ ELECTRON THEORY AND DISPERSION270

INTRODUCTION270

170．POLARIZATION AND DIELECTRIC CONSTANT271

171．THE RELATIONS OF P,E,AND D273

172．POLARIZABILITY AND DIELECTRIC CONSTANT OF GASES275

173．DISPERSION IN GASES275

174．DISPERSION OF SOLIDS AND LIQUIDS278

175．DISPERSION OF METALS280

PROBLEMS283

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅤ SPHERICAL ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVES286

INTRODUCTION286

176．SPHERICAL SOLUTIONS OF THE WAVE EQUATION286

177．SCALAR POTENTIAL FOR OSCILLATING DIPOLE288

178．VECTOR POTENTIAL289

179．THE FIELDS290

180．THE HERTZ VECTOR291

181．INTENSITY OF RADIATION FROM A DIPOLE293

182．SCATTERING OF LIGHT293

183．POLARIZATION OF SCATTERED LIGHT295

184．COHERENCE AND INCOHERENCE OF LIGHT295

185．COHERENCE AND THE SPECTRUM298

186．COHERENCE OF DIFFERENT SOURCES299

PROBLEMS299

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅥ HUYGENS＇PRINCIPLE AND GREEN＇S THEOREM302

INTRODUCTION302

187．THE RETARDED POTENTIALS303

188．MATHEMATICAL FORMULATION OF HUYGENS＇PRINCIPLE305

189．APPLICATION TO OPTICS307

190．INTEGRATION FOR A SPHERICAL SURFACE BY FRESNEL＇S ZONES308

191．THE USE OF HUYGENS＇PRINCIPLE310

192．HUYGENS＇PRINCIPLE FOR DIFFRACTION PROBLEMS310

193．QUALITATIVE DISCUSSION OF DIFFRACTION,USING FRESNEL＇S ZONES311

PROBLEMS314

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅦ FRESNEL AND FRAUNHOFER DIFFRACTION315

INTRODUCTION315

194．COMPARISON OF FRESNEL AND FRAUNHOFER DIFFRACTION315

195．FRESNEL DIFFRACTION FROM A SLIT319

196．CORNU＇S SPIRAL320

197．FRAUNHOFER DIFFRACTION FROM RECTANGULAR SLIT323

198．THE CIRCULAR APERTURE324

199．RESOLVING POWER OF A LENS325

200．DIFFRACTION FROM SEVERAL SLITS;THE DIFFRACTION GRATING326

PROBLEMS328

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅧ WAVES,RAYS,AND WAVE MECHANICS329

INTRODUCTION329

201．THE QUANTUM HYPOTHESIS330

202．THE STATISTICAL INTERPRETATION OF WAVE THEORY332

203．THE UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE FOR OPTICS333

204．WAVE MECHANICS335

205．FREQUENCY AND WAVE LENGTH IN WAVE MECHANICS337

206．WAVE PACKETS AND THE UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE337

207．FERMAT＇S PRINCIPLE339

208．THE MOTION OF PARTICLES AND THE PRINCIPLE OF LEAST ACTION342

PROBLEMS343

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅨ SCHR？DINGER＇S EQUATION IN ONE DIMENSION345

INTRODUCTION345

209．SCHR？DINGER＇S EQUATION345

210．ONE-DIMENSIONAL MOTION IN WAVE MECHANICS346

211．BOUNDARY CONDITIONS IN ONE-DIMENSIONAL MOTION350

212．THE PENETRATION OF BARRIERS351

213．MOTION IN A FINITE REGION,AND THE QUANTUM CONDITION353

214．MOTION IN TWO OR MORE FINITE REGIONS355

PROBLEMS356

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅩ THE CORRESPONDENCE PRINCIPLE AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS358

INTRODUCTION358

215．THE QUANTUM CONDITION IN THE PHASE SPACE358

216．ANGLE VARIABLES AND THE CORRESPONDENCE PRINCIPLE359

217．THE QUANTUM CONDITION FOR SEVERAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM361

218．CLASSICAL STATISTICAL MECHANICS IN THE PHASE SPACE364

219．LIOUVILLE＇S THEOREM365

220．DISTRIBUTIONS INDEPENDENT OF TIME366

221．THE MICROCANONICAL ENSEMBLE367

222．THE CANONICAL ENSEMBLE368

223．THE QUANTUM THEORY AND THE PHASE SPACE369

PROBLEMS371

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅪ MATRICES374

INTRODUCTION374

224．MEAN VALUE OF A FUNCTION OF COORDINATES374

225．PHYSICAL MEANING OF MATRIX COMPONENTS375

226．INITIAL CONDITIONS,AND DETERMINATION OF c＇S377

227．MEAN VALUES OF FUNCTIONS OF MOMENTA379

228．SCHR？DINGER＇S EQUATION INCLUDING THE TIME381

229．SOME THEOREMS REGARDING MATRICES382

PROBLEMS384

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅫ PERTURBATION THEORY386

INTRODUCTION386

230．THE SECULAR EQUATION OF PERTURBATION THEORY386

231．THE POWER SERIES SOLUTION387

232．PERTURBATION THEORY FOR DEGENERATE SYSTEMS390

233．THE METHOD OF VARIATION OF CONSTANTS391

234．EXTERNAL RADIATION FIELD392

235．EINSTEIN＇S PROBABILITY COEFFICIENTS393

236．METHOD OF DERIVING THE PROBABILITY COEFFICIENTS395

237．APPLICATION OF PERTURBATION THEORY396

238．SPONTANEOUS RADIATION AND COUPLED SYSTEMS399

239．APPLICATIONS OF COUPLED SYSTEMS TO RADIOACTIVITY AND ELECTRONIC COLLISIONS402

PROBLEMS404

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅩⅢ THE HYDROGEN ATOM AND THE CENTRAL FIELD406

INTRODUCTION406

240．THE ATOM AND ITS NUCLEUS406

241．THE STRUCTURE OF HYDROGEN407

242．DISCUSSION OF THE FUNCTION OF r FOR HYDROGEN410

243．THE ANGULAR MOMENTUM414

244．SERIES AND SELECTION PRINCIPLES416

245．THE GENERAL CENTRAL FIELD418

PROBLEMS423

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅩⅣ ATOMIC STRUCTURE425

INTRODUCTION425

246．THE PERIODIC TABLE426

247．THE METHOD OF SELF-CONSISTENT FIELDS430

248．EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGES431

249．THE MANY-BODY PROBLEN IN WAYE MECHANICS432

250．SCHR？DINGER＇S EQUATION AND EFFECTIVE NUCLEAR CHARGES433

251．IONIZATION POTENTIALS AND ONE-ELECTRON ENERGIES435

PROBLEMS437

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅩⅤ INTERATOMIC FORCES AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE439

INTRODUCTION439

252．IONIC FORCES439

253．POLARIZATION FORCE439

254．VAN DER WAALS＇FORCE440

255．PENETRATION OR COULOMB FORCE442

256．VALENCE ATTRACTION442

257．ATOMIC REPULSIONS444

258．ANALYTICAL FORMULAS FOR VALENCE AND REPULSIVE FORCES444

259．TYPES OF SUBSTANCES:VALENCE COMPOUNDS447

260．METALS449

261．IONIC COMPOUNDS449

PROBLEMS451

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅩⅥ EQUATION OF STATE OF GASES454

INTRODUCTION454

262．GASES,LIQUIDS,AND SOLIDS454

263．THE CANONICAL ENSEMBLE456

264．THE FREE ENERGY458

265．PROPERTIES OF PERFECT GASES ON CLASSICAL THEORY461

266．PROPERTIES OF IMPERFECT GASES ON CLASSICAL THEORY462

267．VAN DER WAALS＇EQUATION464

268．QUANTUM STATISTICS466

269．QUANTUM THEORY OF THE PERFECT GAS468

PROBLEMS470

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅩⅦ NUCLEAR VIBRATIONS IN MOLECULES AND SOLIDS471

INTRODUCTION471

270．THE CRYSTAL AT ABSOLUTE ZERO472

271．TEMPERATURE VIBRATIONS OF A CRYSTAL474

272．EQUATION OF STATE OF SOLIDS478

273．VIBRATIONS OF MOLECULES480

274．DIATOMIC MOLECULES481

275．SPECIFIC HEAT OF DIATOMIC MOLECULES483

276．POLYATOMIC MOLECULES485

PROBLEMS486

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅩⅧ COLLISIONS AND CHEMICAL REACTIONS488

INTRODUCTION488

277．CHEMICAL REACTIONS488

278．COLLISIONS WITH ELECTRONIC EXCITATION491

279．ELECTRONIC AND NUCLEAR ENERGY IN METALS494

280．PERTURBATION METHOD FOR INTERACTION OF NUCLEI497

PROBLEMS499

CHAPTER ⅩⅩⅩⅨ ELECTRONIC INTERACTIONS501

INTRODUCTION501

281．THE EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE502

282．RESULTS OF ANTISYMMETRY OF WAVE FUNCTIONS506

283．THE ELECTRON SPIN507

284．ELECTRON SPINS AND MULTIPLICITY OF LEVELS509

285．MULTIPLICITY AND THE EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE510

286．SPIN DEGENERACY FOR TWO ELECTRONS512

287．EFFECT OF EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE AND SPIN514

PROBLEMS516

CHAPTER ⅩL ELECTRONIC ENERGY OF ATOMS AND MOLECULES518

INTRODUCTION518

288．ATOMIC ENERGY LEVELS518

289．SPIN AND ORBITAL DEGENERACY IN ATOMIC MULTIPLETS520

290．ENERGY LEVELS OF DIATOMIC MOLECULES522

291．HEITLER AND LONDON METHOD FOR H2523

292．THE METHOD OF MOLECULAR ORBITALS527

PROBLEMS530

CHAPTER ⅩLⅠ FERMI STATISTICS AND METALLIC STRUCTURE531

INTRODUCTION531

293．THE EXCLUSION PRINCIPLE FOR FREE ELECTRONS531

294．MAXIMUM KINETIC ENERGY AND DENSITY OF ELECTRONS534

295．THE FERMI-THOMAS ATOMIC MODEL535

296．ELECTRONS IN METALS536

297．THE FERMI DISTRIBUTION540

PROBLEMS543

CHAPTER ⅩLⅡ DISPERSION,DIELECTRICS,AND MAGNETISM545

INTRODUCTION545

298．DISPERSION AND DISPERSION ELECTRONS546

299．QUANTUM THEORY OF DISPERSION548

300．POLARIZABILITY549

301．VAN DER WAALS＇FORCE551

302．TYPES OF DIELECTRICS553

303．THEORY OF DIPOLE ORIENTATION554

304．MAGNETIC SUBSTANCES555

PROBLEMS558

SUGGESTED REFERENCES561

INDEX565