现代英语语法【2025|PDF|Epub|mobi|kindle电子书版本百度云盘下载】

现代英语语法PDF格式电子书版下载

注意：本站所有压缩包均有解压码： 点击下载压缩包解压工具

Chapter 1 The Structure of the English Sentence1

1.0 Introduction1

1.1 Morphemes3

1.1.1 Roots4

1.1.2 Affixes4

1.2 Words8

1.2.1 Word classes8

1.2.2 Word classes in relation to meaning10

1.2.3 Word-formation11

1.3 Phrases13

1.3.1 The noun phrase13

1.3.2 The verb phrase14

1.3.3 The adjective phrase14

1.3.4 The adverb phrase14

1.3.5 The prepositional phrase15

1.4 Clauses15

1.4.1 Subject and predicate15

1.4.2 Clause patterns16

1.4.3 Functions17

1.5 Sentences18

1.5.1 Simple,compound and complex sentences18

1.5.2 Statements,questions,commands and exclamations19

1.6 Text20

1.7 Exercises22

Chapter 2 Sentence Types24

2.0 Introduction24

2.1 Statements25

2.1.1 Assertion vs.non-assertion26

2.1.2 Negation28

2.1.3 Other functions of statements34

2.2 Questions35

2.2.1 YES-NO questions35

2.2.2 WH-questions35

2.2.3 Alternative questions36

2.2.4 Tag questions37

2.3 Commands38

2.4 Exclamations40

2.4.1 WHAT-exclamations40

2.4.2 HOW-exclamations41

2.5 Exercises42

Chapter 3 Noun and Noun Phrase（1）:Noun and Number44

3.0 Introduction44

3.1 Noun classes44

3.2 Number46

3.2.1 Singular invariables46

3.2.2 Plural invariables48

3.2.3 Irregular plurals49

3.3 Unit nouns53

3.4 Exercises56

Chapter 4 Noun and Noun Phrase（2）:Determiner and Genitive58

4.0 Introduction58

4.1 Determiners58

4.1.1 Functions of determiners58

4.1.2 Co-occurrence of determiners59

4.1.3 Usage of some determiners64

4.1.4 Articles71

4.2 Genitives92

4.2.1 Forms of genitive92

4.2.2 The genitive vs.theof-phrase93

4.2.3 Group genitive99

4.2.4 Local genitive100

4.2.5 Double genitive102

4.3 Exercises103

Chapter 5 Verb and Verb Phrase（1）:Tense,Aspect and Future105

5.0 Introduction105

5.0.1 Classification of verbs105

5.0.2 System of two tenses and two aspects112

5.1 Tense113

5.1.1 Simple present113

5.1.2 Simple past120

5.2 Aspect125

5.2.1 Present progressive125

5.2.2 Past progressive129

5.2.3 Present perfect and present perfect progressive132

5.2.4 Past perfect and past perfect progressive139

5.3 Future143

5.3.1 Will/shall＋infinitive143

5.3.2 Be going to＋infinitive146

5.3.3 Present progressive147

5.3.4 Simple present148

5.3.5 Other constructions expressing future time149

5.4 Exercises152

Chapter 6 Verb and Verb Phrase（2）:Passive Voice and Subjunctive Mood154

6.0 Introduction154

6.1 Passive voice154

6.1.1 Be-passive,get-passive and pseudo-passive155

6.1.2 Voice constraints157

6.1.3 By-phrase163

6.1.4 Passive voice of multi-word verbs164

6.1.5 Passive voice of non-finite verbs170

6.2 Subiunctive mood171

6.2.1 Be-subjunctive172

6.2.2 Were-subjunctive175

6.3 Exercises176

Chapter 7 Verb and Verb Phrase（3）:Modal Auxiliaries178

7.0 Introduction178

7.1 Can and may183

7.1.1 Can and could183

7.1.2 May and might190

7.1.3 Can vs.may195

7.2 Will and shall199

7.2.1 Will/would（'ll/'d）199

7.2.2 Shall/should203

7.3 Should and ought to206

7.3.1 Should206

7.3.2 Ought to207

7.3.3 Should vs.ought to208

7.4 Must,need,have（got）to211

7.4.1 Must211

7.4.2 Need213

7.4.3 Have（got）to214

7.5 Dare217

7.6 Exercises218

Chapter 8 Verb and Verb Phrase（4）:Non-finite Verbs220

8.0 Introduction220

8.1 Infinitive221

8.1.1 Bare infinitive223

8.1.2 To-infinitive232

8.1.3 Other uses of infinitive238

8.2 -ing participle248

8.2.1 Object to verb250

8.2.2 Logical subject253

8.2.3 Infinitive or-ing participle254

8.3 -ed participle259

8.3.1 -ed participle as a premodifier261

8.3.2 -ed participle as a complement264

8.4 Dangling participle265

8.5 Exercises267

Chapter 9 Adjective Phrase and Comparison269

9.0 Introduction269

9.1 Syntactic features of adjectives272

9.1.1 Structure of the adjective phrase273

9.1.2 Attributive adjectives and predicative adjectives276

9.2 Semantic classification of adjectives282

9.2.1 Stative adjectives vs.dynamic adjectives282

9.2.2 Gradable adjectives vs.non-gradable adjectives284

9.2.3 Inherent adjectives vs.non-inherent adjectives286

9.2.4 Restrictive adjectives vs.non-restrictive adjectives287

9.2.5 Marked adjectives vs.unmarked adjectives287

9.3 Ordering of pre-modifying adjectives288

9.4 Comparison291

9.4.1 Forms of comparison291

9.4.2 Usage notes297

9.4.3 Comparative construction300

9.4.4 Ellipsis in comparative sentences305

9.4.5 Other expressions of comparison306

9.5 Exercises308

Chapter 10 Preposition and Prepositional Phrase310

10.0 Introduction310

10.1 Forms of prepositions311

10.1.1 Simple prepositions311

10.1.2 Complex prepositions311

10.2 Meanings of prepositions314

10.2.1 Prepositions relating to place315

10.2.2 Prepositions relating to time323

10.2.3 Prepositions denoting other relations329

10.3 Collocations of prepositions with verbs,adjectives and nouns331

10.3.1 Subject matter:about,on331

10.3.2 Material,ingredient:with,of,out of;substance:from332

10.3.3 Standard:for,at333

10.3.4 Reaction:at,to334

10.4 Exercises335

Chapter 11 The coordination and Subordination337

11.0 Introduction337

11.1 Coordination339

11.1.1 Coordinators339

11.1.2 Punctuation between coordinated units344

11.2 Subordination347

11.2.1 Subordinators348

11.2.2 Subordinate clauses349

11.3 Exercises353

Chapter 12 Relative Clause355

12.0 Introduction355

12.1 Restrictiveness and non-restrictiveness355

12.2 Antecedent356

12.2.1 Nominal antecedent357

12.2.2 Non-nominal antecedent362

12.3 Choice of relative pronouns364

12.3.1 Relative pronouns in restrictive relative clauses364

12.3.2 Relative pronouns in on-restrictive relative clauses368

12.3.3 Relative adverb369

12.4 Double relative clause371

12.5 Exercises373

Chapter 13 Adverbials375

13.0 Introduction375

13.1 Adjuncts377

13.1.1 Time adjuncts377

13.1.2 Place adjuncts386

13.1.3 Process adjuncts389

13.1.4 Contingency adjuncts392

13.1.5 Other adjuncts401

13.2 Disjuncts402

13.3 Conjuncts408

13.3.1 Enumeration-conjuncts409

13.3.2 Addition-conjuncts410

13.3.3 Transition-conjuncts411

13.3.4 Summation-conjuncts412

13.3.5 Explanation-conjuncts412

13.3.6 Contrast-conjuncts413

13.3.7 Result-conjuncts413

13.3.8 Inference-conjuncts414

13.3.9 Concession-conjuncts414

13.4 Exercises415

Chapter 14 Concord419

14.0 Introduction419

14.1 Principles of concord420

14.2 Subject-verb concord424

14.2.1 Collective nouns as subject424

14.2.2 Coordinated noun phrases as subject427

14.2.3 Expressions of quantity as subject432

14.2.4 Nominal clauses as subject435

14.2.5 Concord in the existential sentence436

14.2.6 Concord in the relative sentence437

14.3 Pronoun concord438

14.4 Exercises440

Chapter 15 Information Structure and Emphasis442

15.0 Introduction442

15.1 Information structure443

15.1.1 Given and new information444

15.1.2 Information focus446

15.2 Postponement449

15.2.1 Passive voice450

15.2.2 Extraposition452

15.2.3 Discontinuity454

15.2.4 Other types of postponement456

15.3 Fronting457

15.4 Inversion459

15.4.1 Partial inversion460

15.4.2 Complete inversion462

15.5 Cleaving463

15.5.1 Cleft sentence463

15.5.2 Pseudo-cleft sentence465

15.6 Existential sentence466

15.6.1 Information structure of existential sentence466

15.6.2 Grammatical features of existential sentence467

15.7 Exercises469

Chapter 16 Cohesion472

16.0 Introduction472

16.1 Reference474

16.1.1 Reference by pronouns475

16.1.2 Reference by demonstratives478

16.1.3 Reference by comparison481

16.2 Substitution483

16.2.1 Nominal Substitution by one484

16.2.2 Verbal substitution by do485

16.2.3 Clausal substitution by so or not486

16.3 Ellipsis486

16.3.1 Nominal ellipsis487

16.3.2 Verbal ellipsis487

16.3.3 Clausal ellipsis488

16.4 Other cohesive devices489

16.4.1 Transition489

16.4.2 Repetition491

16.4.3 Parallelism492

16.5 Exercises493

Key to the Exercises495

Glossary505

Bibliography514